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The Role of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology in Microgrid Sustainability: A Review of Concepts, Challenges, and Future Research Trends
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Hamidreza Yazdani-Nogourani1   , Ghazanfar Shahgholian *2 |
1- Smart Microgrid Research Center, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran & Department of Electrical Engineering, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University
2- Smart Microgrid Research Center, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran & Department of Electrical Engineering, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran , shahgholian@iau.ac.ir |
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Abstract: (13 Views) |
With the expansion of distributed renewable energy sources and the increasing complexity of operating distribution networks, microgrids have faced challenges in maintaining stability, reliability, and power quality. The inherent fluctuations in production in sources such as solar and wind and the need to create a momentary balance between production and consumption are among the most important factors creating these challenges. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, which enables two-way energy exchange between electric vehicle batteries and the power grid, is considered a promising solution to address these problems. This article first introduces the concept of microgrids, their types, and the main issues related to sustainability. Then, the operating principles, advantages, and different types of V2G technology are reviewed. The main focus is on the role of this technology in improving the sustainability of microgrids. These roles include improving frequency and voltage regulation through rapid power injection or absorption, managing fluctuations in renewable generation using electric vehicles as energy storage, and increasing the reliability and resilience of microgrids, especially in islanded conditions. V2G can also contribute to economic optimization and reduced operating costs by participating in load response programs and energy markets. In addition to the benefits, the technical, economic, and management challenges associated with the widespread implementation of this technology are also examined. Finally, by reviewing case studies, the efficiency of V2G is evaluated in different scenarios and its future prospects in smart energy grids are outlined. The results show that V2G can be one of the key technologies for realizing sustainable, smart, and resilient microgrids in the future.
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| Keywords: improving sustainability, vehicle-to-grid, microgrid, microgrid classification. |
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Full-Text [PDF 2801 kb]
(6 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review article |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/11/25 | Accepted: 2026/01/30 | Published: 2026/03/1
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| * Corresponding Author Address: Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University |
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